EPSOD INJECTION
Phenytoin
Shine
Phenytoin is available as extended-release (long-acting) capsule, a chewable tablet, and a suspension (liquid) orally. The chewable tablet and suspension are usually taken two or three times a day. Phenytoin should be taken with food. When administering to patients on nasogastric or other enteral feeds, do not administer feeds 2 hr before or after a dose. Be consistent throughout therapy in relation to feed times. Do not switch dosage forms/brands with out prior consideration.
Store protected from moisture at temperature not exceeding 30°C.
Porphyria Avoid parenteral use in sinus bradycardia Sino-atrial block, second- and third-degree heart block Stokes-Adams syndrome Pregnancy
Cholesterol : Cholesterol also called HDL, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperlipoproteinemia, LDL. Cholesterol is a chemical compound that the body requires as a building block for cell membranes and for hormones like estrogen and testosterone. The liver produces about 80% of the body's cholesterol and the rest comes from dietary sources like meat, poultry, eggs, fish, and dairy products. Foods derived from plants contain no cholesterol. Cholesterol content in the bloodstream is regulated by the liver. After a meal, cholesterol in the diet is absorbed from the small intestine and metabolized and stored in the liver. As the body requires cholesterol, it may be secreted by the liver. When too much cholesterol is present in the body, it can build up in deposits called plaque along the inside walls of arteries, causing them to narrow. The parcels of cholesterol are carried by two types of lipoprotein. ? Low-density lipoprotein (LDL - cholesterol carried by this type is known as 'bad' cholesterol) ? High-density lipoprotein (HDL - cholesterol carried by this type is known as 'good' cholesterol). Cholesterol has four main functions, without which we could not live. It: ? Contributes to the structure of cell walls ? Makes up digestive bile acids in the intestine ? Allows the body to produce vitamin D ? Enables the body to make certain hormones. Medication There are four classes of medication that can lower cholesterol levels including statins, niacin, bile acid resins, and fibric acid derivatives. • A variety of statin drugs are on the market including simvastatin (Zocor),atorvastatin (Lipitor), pravastatin(Pravachol), fluvastatin (Lescol),lovastatin (Mevacor), and rosuvastatin(Crestor). These drugs primarily decrease LDL. • Cholestyramine (Questran) is a bile acid resin and decreases LDL. • Fibric acid resins lower LDL and include gemfibrozil (Lopid) and fenofibrate (Tricor). • Niaspan is the prescription form of niacin and decreases LDL andtriglycerides as well as increases HDL.
Effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated. Enhances toxic effects of paracetamol, lithium. Increased risk of osteomalacia with acetazolamide. Decreased serum levels/effects with acyclovir, antineoplastics, benzodiazeines, ciprofloxacin, CYP2C9 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine), CYP2C19 inducers (e.g. rifampin), folic acid, vigabatrin. Increased serum concentrations with allopurinol, capecitabine, cimetidine, CYP2C9 inhibitors (e.g. fluconazole), CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g. delavirdine), disulfiram, methylphenidate, metronidazole, omeprazole, SSRI, trazodone, trimethoprim. Increases metabolism of antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, chloramphenicol, corticosteroids, doxycycline, oestrogens, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, methadone, theophylline, TCAs. Decreases levels/effects of clozapine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, CYP2B6 substrates (e.g. bupropion, selegiline), CYP2C8 substrates (e.g. amiodarone).
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It is any effect of a drug, chemical, or other medicine that is in addition to its intended effect, especially an effect that is harmful or unpleasant.